Temperature and pressure control



R. w. JENSEN Z TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONTRO'L l k3 Sheets-61h59@ l rwentof: @www Mdm/fm,

Filed Jan. 21, .1944

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Away@ 23s ma R. W. JENSEN ma TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONTROL Filed Jam 2l, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2V Aug@ E3, w46@ R w JENSEN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONTROL 'Filed Jan. 21, 1944 s sheets-sheet s Patented Aug. 13, 1946 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONTROL Raymond W. Jensen, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to The Garrett Corporation, Airesearch Manufacturing Company division, Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Application January 21, 1944, serial No. 519,159

(o1. 23e-s4) 11 Claims. 1

This invention relates generally to oil cooling systems for internal combustion engines and to controls for regulating the flow and temperature of oil from the cooler to the internal combustion engine within a range most satisfactory for eii'icient operation and lubrication of the engine, especially of the type used for aircraft.

Pressure lubricating systems for internal combustion engines are provided with heat exchanging means for regulating the heat of the lubricating oil and maintaining it within a proper and efcient heat range. The heat exchanger is provided with a bypass passage through which the oil from the engine may circumvent the heat exchanger when for any reason the oil is prevented from passing through the cooling system. Thermostatic valve means are often employed to control the owof oil through the bypass passage. When such a thermostatic valve means is employed, the cooled oil from the heat exchanger and uncooled oil from the bypass passage now past the valve` means, the operation of which is controlled by the temperature of the oil. When a pressure build-up occurs in the bypass passage, owing to any'condition which impedes the free flow of oil through the cooler, the valve is unseated'to relieve the pressure, and held unseated until the valve is influenced to seat by the Aheat of the oil when the condition of impedance in the heat 'exchanger is corrected. A type of valve commonly used in lubricating systems of the class mentioned'is known asv sylphon valve, which includes in its structure a bellows which forms a sealed expandable pressure chamber, which Yis subject to leakage and breakage ,and has a lim.. ited operating range. v

The present invention relates'to a valve structure for accomplishing temperature and pressure regulation which' eliminates the use ofbellows and hence obviates any possibility of failure thereof.

It is' an object of the invention to provide a Y I a device in which the control means for the valve may be adjustably regulated to adapt the same to varying conditions and to increase the sensitivity of the same for the important purpose of extending the operating range and of making unnecessary a replacement or substitution of the control means where changing circumstances are encountered.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be brought out in the following part o1 the specication. y k

Referring to the drawings which are for illustrative purposes only, Y

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional View showing a control fitting embodying the invention and a portion of a-cooler on which it may be mounted.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken as indicated by the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectio taken as indicated by the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken as indicated by the line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a view mostly in section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1. y

Fig. 6 is an elevational view of a modified form of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a section taken on the line 'I-'I of Fig. 6. i v

Fig. 8 is a section taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7.

To the heat exchanger I0, which is illustrative of one form or type of cooler in which the valve arrangement herein described may be used, is connected a fitting I I to which is secured a, control tting or housing I2, which is formed with an inlet chamber I3 to receive the oil from the engine. The chamber I3 of the housing I2 is formed with a, port'opening I4, which registers with an opening I5 in the tting II, providing a passageway for thehot oil from the engine to the heat exchangeri, which, in the instance shown, is comprised of a core I6 of spaced tubes I6 with means for battling the circuit of oil therethrough, anda muff or enveloping jacket Il. Entry of the oil to the core I6 from the jacket or muff'is afforded by `anopening I8. y The aforementioned port or opening I5 is in direct communication with said muff or jacket I1, through a port I9 in the fitting II as shown-in Fig. 5. The port opening Il in the chamber I3, under normal conditions, is open, but under extraordinary conditions, as, for instance, in case of sudden pressure build-up of the oil, it is arranged to be closed to cause a relief of the pressure by bypassing it from said chamber I3 'through a bypass I9' into a valve 3 chamber 20, from which it travels through an outlet 2| from said chamber 20 to the engine, directly or indirectly. For effecting this relief from sudden pressure of the oil, a double valve 22 is provided in the chamber I3, and comprises a valve member 23 on one end of a stem 24 and a cylindrical valvez25iat the other end thereof." The cylindrical Valve 25is held normally seated'on itsu seat 25 by a compression spring 21 disposed in the cylindrical hollow 28 of said valve 25 and con-i tained Within a chamber 29 vin-*saldwtting 12,- said chamber being provided With a cap 3D against which the compression of saiddspringL-Z'Ioccurs;- The seat 26 for said valve 25'isxima 'port-or opening 3| in said chamber 29 and Whenithe valve- 25.

is unseated, said port establishes communication between the chamber I3 and '.thecbypass ,chamberi I9', as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The cylindrical port or opening-I4.i Tlfi-isaelevation-oirthe double valve 22 opens communication betweenlthe:chaml ber4 I3 'andthe-bypassepassage :l 9! and thus-'relieves the pressure, in consequencewvl'iereoff thev valves- 23iandy 25' underH the urge-of thespring 21 return to `normal position;- as shown .in- Fig. 1.

Thehousing. I2 -isformed A'With-a `bypass cham. ber 33l-whichhas an' lopening-'orv` port 33 'L- andY a through. This `bypass chamben33`f is essentially a pressure chamber, as explainedhereinaiter-fand communicates with a-bypass -passage 35 :insaid tting II, this bypass passage-35 lbeing-fin corn'.-N munication Withlthe muff f I'I andi arranged `to cause the oil to circumvent the-heat exchanger- |021 When. for-any reason; the\circuitfofoil through the core I6 of the heat exchangeril is.4 obstructed.' the oil travels throughorearoundrone area of the muri and, being prevented from-passing throu'ghetlieppeningfl tothe core` lfcontinues itstravel through the mufl I'I, and even tuallyeenters `the bypass chambere33; throughV the bypass `pa-ssage 5 thehoi-ising- "I I andthe opening Aor lport 33L-inathe housing I 2 The circuit of the-oil is vindicated by'A arrowed linesein Fig;V 1, A as is A also the travel of oil throughltheeoreof the-heat exchanger.- v

For purposes or' description;- said Ychamber 33 may-be consideredl a-byp2iSS.l Alchamber 2-ofthel *housing` I2 receivesecooledoil Vfromf-theheat exchanger`v I0'througha aportfSv/hich is-provided Withwthe check- `-valve3I--. The oil travels from said*l chamber -I Sblzlruougli'`l` theeoutletv port v2 I; for return-byganydesired 'course-'to theaengine:

lnthis `ch'am-ber12 (luis arranged a thermostatically controlledyvalve structure; generally indi-- catedby 31,1 for controlling=the-flow lof uncooledoil through-theopeningfS,A which is a communieating`port-between-the bypass chamber and thet chamberi. Thievalvev structurel` comprises apressureresponsive unitjanda thermo statically' operated valve; Vas hereinafter described.

The valve structure 3'I'has-a valve member adapted to engage theY seat surrounding, theopening 38 for closingthis opening. `The valve member 39 ismounted upon'a piston'f48 to'move'rela- 4 tively thereto and therewith. This piston 40 is connected by rods or posts 4I with a supporting slide member 42 which is slidably disposed within a cylinder of a cap 43 secured to said housing I2. A spring 44, positioned in the cylinder of the cap 43 exerts a pressure upon said slide member 42 tofhold'thefsame lagainst .a seat: 45 in-.thecap 43 andto hold the associatedelements` of the valve structure in set position. As stated, the valve 39 ismounted on the piston 40. It has independent movement-'relativelythereto and such independent movement is effected by a thermal responsive means;suclrl asaafbi-'metallic coil 46, connected atits outerendto the end of links 4l which are pivotallyl mountedj'in arms 48 of the valve 39.

'The opposite ends of said links 41 are pivotally connected tolinklmembers 49 which are secured to said.. piston 40. The inner end of the b1- metallic' coil 4B is secured to a bar or other member 59, which is fixedly mounted on the rods 4I.

The thermostatic runit C orl 2 coilf -4 6 Y responds -to the Viniluence 4of hot land-coldoil-or other Iiluiddiameter.V Theva-lve member 39 -is cylindrical? shown, and'isfformeclwithA acentral 4lopening; 52 which isdiametricallyssmaller thanthefdiametri-L cal extent" or the inner-"Wal'lorrface vof the Yvalve 39;:and' with4 an`annular internalfshoulderf Which.` cooperates `-with' thecaforementioned" pis: ton 4 Il; to.limit"the movement 4thereofin one di-- rection, to-wit:` away from its 'seatilg The-ex# terior 'diameter' of the ,valve greater than-that:- of' the, seat5l',gand",the end thereof is tapered. and rformedivith a spherical face Y54, which fa' cilitates, itsA seating underV adverse. conditions. The piston'.4ll'is.also provided withaspherical periphery 40'to enablathe valve 39to rotate and; seatitselifit is' not'on center. Y The ,slide member, 42hasvan opening 55"to provide fojr ,a balance ofjfpressure so th`at`any increase in .pressure ,occasioned7 byanyA failure in the` cooler or.. heat 'exchangerwilLbe exerted againstthepiston 4Iland thus move the valve 391mm it's,seat,..regardless of the pressure at which the.spring 44' set..

Whenan impedance .or restriction, tothe.,f1ow. of 'oilj isroired by the ,heat exchanger .0n forA other reasons, a pressure builds 11min the bypass chamber 33 beyond'a determined limit,andiab'0ve such limit the springgl will be compressed; thus causingthe .entire .valve y structure gto .be .,moved. from 1 itsseat 5 I1 and .relieving pressure, .from the heat exchanger.

In" the unseated position ot fthe ,valve .39;1tlie iluid pressure in the ,bypassrcliamber ,3321s. bal' ancedfagainst. the ,piston 4B .andjunder this .condition,A the bi-metallic .thermostaticr coilI.4Ii,'.,be-. ingjnluencedby, the. .,heat of the .oil to expand. easilyopferates the valve member,39"to seating position: Reduced oil temperature will cause the thermostat `to contract and thereby to-open the valve; In thefopen position' of -the valve', thethermostat will be influencedbythe-temperature ofthe' oilfiowing throughthe chamber' 33fwhich amasar ls uncooled, and the oil passing into the valve chamber 3U, which is cooled, and obviously the valve 39 will remain open until the desirable .operating temperature of the oil is reached, at which time the valve will seat and cause all of the oil to iiow through the heat exchanger It to and through the valve chamber 2D.

The invention as herein described provides a device which is light in Weight, is interchangeable with the sylphon valve now used, elimi nates the use of bellows and hence obviates the possibility of the failure of such bellows by leakage or breakage, has a greater operating range and requires no threaded parts.

A variation of the form of the invention, with- 'out alteration of the sense of the disclosure heretofore made, is illustrated in the form of embodivment shown in Figs. 6, '7, and 8, wherein like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all of the views in the drawings. -The valve structure 3i has a valve member 3Q adapted to engage the seat surrounding the opening 38 for closing this opening. The valve member 39 is mounted upon a piston @il to move relatively thereto'and therewith as has been pointed out. This piston 43 is connected by bars 5v' -with a supporting slide member 2 which `is slidably disposed Within a cylinder of a cap d3 secured to said housing l2. The bars 56 are connected to the piston 40 and the piston member v42 by any desired means, such as screws 5l, bolts, or welds. As stated, the valve 39 has independent movement relatively to the piston 55 and suchindependent movement i5 effected by a ther-- mally responsive element, such as a bi-metallic 'coil 58. The outer or free end of said coil 58 is secured to a pin 59 which is carried in the ends -of a pair of links 65. The other ends of said links 6U are pivotally connected to extensions 6i which lare provided on said at bars 55 and project therefrom at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis of said bars. The intermediate V'or substantially the central portion of said links are'pivotally connected to the ends of arms 52 which are integral or associated with the valve -39 in a desirable manner. 'Ihe dead end 53 of the bi-metallic coil 58 is secured to a shaft 54 which extends through said flat bars and is f' sions 6| of the at bars 56, they are moved about such pivotal attachment and such movement is transferred to the valve 39. The arms 52 whereof,

"as explained, are pivotally associated with said links 60 intermediate their length. f For the purpose oi rendering unnecessary relplacements or substitutions of thermal coils to meet different conditions and t0 regulate the ac- -tionof the coil, whereby it will respond sensitively `and to a nicety to a Wide range of requirements, Ihave provided means for controlling the tension fof the coil. A means for this purpose is shown in Figs. 6,- 7, and 8, and includes the aforementioned Ashaft-(ill to which, as described, the dead end 63 f the con s@ is secured and which is mounted for 'rotation in the nat bars 56. On the projecting end '-65 of-the shaft 64 is tted an end of akey or lever -'Ghavingat the 'outer end an 'arcuate flange 61 When the lever or key B6 has been manipulated to obtain the desired degree of tension of the coil, it is secured in position of adjustment by a locking means, such as a pin screw or bolt 69 carried in a lug 'iii on one of said at bars 5S, whichpin or screw 6E! is arranged to fit into or pass through one of the perforations 68 in the arcuate flange 61;

Although I have shown but one form of my invention, it will be understood that various changes and modifications may bemade without departingy from the Vspirit and scope of the invention, and that the invention should becon. strued in accordance with thespirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: 1

l. A combined pressure andtemperature conftrolled valve'for controlling the iloW of a Viscous fluid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path, and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal iiow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a piston within said valve element and cooperating therewith to form a closure for said port, a temperature responsive connection between said piston and valve element `for moving the latter with reference to the piston, and yielding meansurging the piston toa predetermined position, said piston being movable against the force of said yielding means by pressure in said bypass and being adapted, when it thus moves, to operate said Valve element, through said connection, to relieve said pressure.

2. lA combined pressure and .temperature controlled valve for controlling the flow of a viscous yfluid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path, a valve chamber communicating with said port, and a by.

pass, including said port, for circumventing said normal viiow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a piston within Asaid valve element and cooperating therewith to form a closure for'said port, a supporting member slidably mounted in said` valve chamber and carrying said piston, yielding means urging said member and piston to a predetermined position, and a temperature responsive connection between said piston and valve element for moving the latter with reference to the piston, said piston being adapted tomov'e against the force of said yielding means in response to pressure in said lbypass and being adapted, when it thus moves, t0 operate-said valve element, through said connection, to relieveV said pressure. a 3. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve for controlling the Viiow of a viscous fluid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal flow path, comprising: an annular 'valve velement adapted to seat with reference to saidport,a piston withinsaid-Valve element and,

cooperating therewith to' forma closure for said port, means to `yieldingly urgesaid piston and valve element. towardsy a port closing position,y and a temperature responsive connection between said piston and valve element formoving the latter with reference to the piston, said piston being yieldable in response to pressure in said bypass and adapted, Awhen it thus yields, to operate said valve element, through said connection, to relieve saidpressure.

4. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve forr controlling the ow of a viscous uid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal ow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a. piston within said 'valve element and cooperating therewith to form a closure for said port,` means to yieldingly urge said piston and valve element toward aport closing position, and a bi-metallic coil forming a, temperature responsive connection between said piston and valve element for moving the latter with reference to the piston, said piston being yieldable in response to pressure in said bypass and adapted, when it thus yields, to operate said valve element, through said connection, to relieve said pressure.

- y5. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve for controlling the flow of a viscous fluid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange now path and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal ilow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a piston within said valve element and cooperating therewith to form a closure for said port, means for yieldingly Jui-'ging said piston and valve element towards a port closing position, a Y

thermostatic coil, one end of which is connected to said piston, and a lever pivoted on said valve element and connected at its respective ends to said piston and the other end of said coil, said lever and coil cooperatively forming a temperature responsive connection between said piston and valve element for moving the latter with reference to the piston, said piston being yieldable in response to pressure in said bypass and adapted, when it thus yields, to operate said valve element, through said connection, to relieve said pressure.

6. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve for controlling the flow of a viscous 'uid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path, and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal flow path, comprising: an annularv valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a supporting member within said valve element and on which said valve element is slidably mounted, said supporting member cooperating with said valve element to form a closure for said port, means for yieldingly urging said supporting member and valve element to a port closing position, and a temperature responsive connection between said supporting member and valve element for moving the latter with reference to said supporting member.

7. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve for controlling the flow of a viscous viluid through a bypass port of .a heat exchanger having a normal vheat exchange flowpath, and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said` normal flow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to saidport, a supporting member within said valve element-and on which said valveelement is slidably mounted, said supporting member cooperating with said valve element to form a closure for said port, means for yieldingly urging said supporting member and valve element to a port closing position, a thermostatic coil, one end of which is connected to said support, and a leverl pivoted on said valve element and connected at its respective ends to said supporting member and the other end of said coil, said lever and coil cooperatively forming a temperature responsive connection between said supporting member and valveelement for moving the latter with reference to said-supporting member.

8. A combined pressure and temperature-controlled valve for controlling the now ofv a viscous .fluid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path and a bypass.` including said port, for circumventing said normal flow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a supporting member within said valve element and on which said valve element is slidably mounted, said supporting member cooperating with said valve element to form a closure for said port, means for yieldingly urging said supporting member and valve element to a port closing position, a lever pivoted on said valve element and pivoted to said supporting member at one end, a loi-metallic thermostatic coil, the outer end of which is connected to the other end of said lever, a shaft connected to the center of said coil and journaled insaid supporting member, and an adjusting elementvconnected to said shaft and adapted to 4be connected to said supporting member in any one of several positions of adjustment about the axis of said shaft.

9. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve for controlling the flow of a viscous fluid through e, bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange flow path and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal flow path, comprising: an annular valve element adapted to seat with reference to said port, a piston within said valve element and cooperating therewith to form a closure for said port, said piston having` a spherical peripheral surface and said valve element having a cylindrical inner surface cooperating therewith to permit sliding and universally tilting movement of said valve element in seating with reference to said port, means for yieldingly urging said piston and valve element to a port closing position, and a temperature responsive connection between said piston and valve element for moving the latter with reference to the piston, said piston being yieldable in response to pressure in said bypass and adapted, when it thus yields, to operate said Valve element, through saidconnection, to relieve said pressure.

10. A combined pressure and temperature controlled valve for controlling the iiow of a viscous fluid through a bypass port of a heat exchanger having a normal heat exchange ow path and a bypass, including said port, for circumventing said normal flow path, comprising: a cylindrical tubular valve element having a spherical and roughly frusto-conical valve face adapted to seat in saidlport, a piston having a spherical rim surface fitted Within said valve element, on which said valve element is slidable and universally tiltable to accommodate the seating of said valve face in said port, means f or yieldingly urging 11. A valve as set forth in claim 10, wherein the rim surface of the piston has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said port, and wherein said valve element has an inwardly oset end portion on which said valve face is formed, said offset portion forming an internal shoulder serving as a stop to limit the movement of said piston in one direction within said valve element.

RAYMOND W. JENSEN. 

